經顱直流電刺激（tDCS)一種非侵入性的利用恒定、低強度直流電進行神經調節的技術,其通過電極將電流輸送到特定的腦區,目前用于某些疾病研究:中風后康復,疼痛，帕金森,癲癇,阿茲海默,抑郁，精神分裂等,而在健康被試者身上的試驗已經表明其可用于認知提高，比如提高語言、記憶、數學、注意力、協調等研究。

    美國Activa公司出品的tDCS產品因其方便、便宜、易操作的特點被新墨西哥大學Vince Clark教授(tDCS科研奠基人之一，neuroimage編委)選作指定的研究工具。

    Activa產品已經被多個實驗室使用，發表數百篇科研文獻，完全是科研級別的設備，由于其價格非常低廉，您無需申請大量科研經費即可購買全套tDCS設備，立即開展科研實驗�；蛘咄瑫r準備多臺進行群體實驗。

產品特點：

1.雙通道,雙可調節旋鈕,用于調節電流強度及時間;

2.高清顯示刺激劑量：電流強度、刺激時間；

3.刺激量足；

4.刺激劑量達到最多每分鐘80mA;

5.擁有阻抗測試功能，在電極阻抗較高時自動給予

視覺、聽覺報警；并自動限制電流及中斷刺激；

6.自動計算刺激時間，并在刺激中斷后進行重新計算；

tDCS套件包含:

1.刺激器主機一個;

2.正負極導線一對;

3.夾貼式導線一對;

4.一對電極(2x2或3x3)

5.2節9伏堿性電池；

6.10片可替換電極

選配件：

紐扣電極           碳纖維電極     口袋電極       針狀電極導線      鹽水海綿電極

使用Activa(PM850)產品發表文獻節選：

1.      Baker JM, Rorden C, Fridriksson J. Usingtranscranial direct-current stimulation to treat stroke patients with aphasia. Stroke. 2010;41(6):1229-36.

2.      BenningerDH, Lomarev M, Lopez G, Pal N, Luckenbaugh DA, Hallett M. Transcranial directcurrent stimulation for the treatment of focal hand dystonia. Movement Disorders. 2011;26(9):1698-702.

3.      BenningerDH, Lomarev M, Lopez G, Wassermann EM, Li X, Considine E, et al. Transcranialdirect current stimulation for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.2010;81(10):1105-11.

4.      BorckardtJJ, Bikson M, Frohman H, Reeves ST, Datta A, Bansal V, et al. A pilot study ofthe tolerability and effects of high-definition transcranial direct currentstimulation (HD-tDCS) on pain perception. The Journalof Pain. 2012;13(2):112-20.

5.      BradnamLV, Stinear CM, Barber PA, Byblow WD. Contralesional hemisphere control of theproximal paretic upper limb following stroke. CerebralCortex. 2012;22(11):2662-71.

6.      CantareroG, Spampinato D, Reis J, Ajagbe L, Thompson T, Kulkarni K, et al. Cerebellardirect current stimulation enhances on-line motor skill acquisition through aneffect on accuracy. The Journal of Neuroscience.2015;35(7):3285-90.

7.      CantareroG, Tang B, O'Malley R, Salas R, Celnik P. Motor learning interference isproportional to occlusion of LTP-like plasticity. TheJournal of Neuroscience. 2013;33(11):4634-41.

8.      CelnikP, Paik N-J, Vandermeeren Y, Dimyan M, Cohen LG. Effects of combined peripheralnerve stimulation and brain polarization on performance of a motor sequencetask after chronic stroke. Stroke.2009;40(5):1764-71.

9.      CerrutiC, Schlaug G. Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the prefrontalcortex enhances complex verbal associative thought.Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 2009;21(10):1980-7.

10.   Clark VP,Coffman BA, Mayer AR, Weisend MP, Lane TD, Calhoun VD, et al. TDCS guided usingfMRI significantly accelerates learning to identify concealed objects. Neuroimage. 2012;59(1):117-28.

11.   Clarke PJ,Browning M, Hammond G, Notebaert L, MacLeod C. The causal role of thedorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the modification of attentional bias: Evidencefrom transcranial direct current stimulation. Biologicalpsychiatry. 2014;76(12):946-52.

12.   Galea JM,Vazquez A, Pasricha N, de Xivry J-JO, Celnik P. Dissociating the roles of thecerebellum and motor cortex during adaptive learning: the motor cortex retainswhat the cerebellum learns. Cerebral Cortex.2011;21(8):1761-70.

13.   GoldmanRL, Borckardt JJ, Frohman HA, O’Neil PM, Madan A, Campbell LK, et al.Prefrontal cortex transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) temporarilyreduces food cravings and increases the self-reported ability to resist food inadults with frequent food craving. Appetite.2011;56(3):741-6.

14.   Halko M,Datta A, Plow E, Scaturro J, Bikson M, Merabet LB. Neuroplastic changesfollowing rehabilitative training correlate with regional electrical fieldinduced with tDCS. Neuroimage.2011;57(3):885-91.

15.   Hamner J,Villamar MF, Fregni F, Taylor JA. Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS) and the cardiovascular responses to acute pain in humans. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2015;126(5):1039-46.

16.   Hummel F,Celnik P, Giraux P, Floel A, Wu W-H, Gerloff C, et al. Effects of non-invasivecortical stimulation on skilled motor function in chronic stroke. Brain. 2005;128(3):490-9.

17.   Hummel F,Cohen LG. Improvement of motor function with noninvasive cortical stimulationin a patient with chronic stroke. Neurorehabilitationand neural repair. 2005;19(1):14-9.

18.   Hummel FC,Heise K, Celnik P, Floel A, Gerloff C, Cohen LG. Facilitating skilled righthand motor function in older subjects by anodal polarization over the leftprimary motor cortex. Neurobiology of aging.2010;31(12):2160-8.

19.   Iyer M,Mattu U, Grafman J, Lomarev M, Sato S, Wassermann E. Safety and cognitiveeffect of frontal DC brain polarization in healthy individuals. Neurology. 2005;64(5):872-5.

20.   Jayaram G,Tang B, Pallegadda R, Vasudevan EV, Celnik P, Bastian A. Modulating locomotoradaptation with cerebellar stimulation. Journal of neurophysiology.2012;107(11):2950-7.

21.   Koo YS,Kim SM, Lee C, Lee BU, Moon YJ, Cho YW, et al. Transcranial direct currentstimulation on primary sensorimotor area has no effect in patients withdrug-naïve restless legs syndrome: a proof-of-concept clinical trial. Sleep medicine. 2015;16(2):280-7.

22.   Kwon YH,Kang KW, Son SM, Lee NK. Is effect of transcranial direct current stimulationon visuomotor coordination dependent on task difficulty? Neural regeneration research. 2015;10(3):463.

23.   LindenbergR, Renga V, Zhu L, Nair D, Schlaug G. Bihemispheric brain stimulationfacilitates motor recovery in chronic stroke patients. Neurology.2010;75(24):2176-84.

24.   LindenbergR, Zhu LL, Rüber T, Schlaug G. Predicting functional motor potential in chronicstroke patients using diffusion tensor imaging. Humanbrain mapping. 2012;33(5):1040-51.

25.   LindenbergR, Zhu LL, Schlaug G. Combined Central and Peripheral Stimulation to FacilitateMotor Recovery After Stroke The Effect of Number of Sessions on Outcome. Neurorehabilitation and neural repair.2012;26(5):479-83.

26.   McCambridgeAB, Bradnam LV, Stinear CM, Byblow WD. Cathodal transcranial direct currentstimulation of the primary motor cortex improves selective muscle activation inthe ipsilateral arm. Journal of neurophysiology.2011;105(6):2937-42.

27.   McCambridgeAB, Stinear JW, Byblow WD. A dissociation between propriospinal facilitationand inhibition after bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation. Journal of neurophysiology. 2014;111(11):2187-95.

28.   RassovskyY, Dunn W, Wynn J, Wu AD, Iacoboni M, Hellemann G, et al. The effect oftranscranial direct current stimulation on social cognition in schizophrenia: Apreliminary study. Schizophrenia research.2015;165(2):171-4.

29.   ReidlerJS, Mendonca ME, Santana MB, Wang X, Lenkinski R, Motta AF, et al. Effects ofmotor cortex modulation and descending inhibitory systems on pain thresholds inhealthy subjects. The Journal of Pain.2012;13(5):450-8.

30.   Reis J,Schambra HM, Cohen LG, Buch ER, Fritsch B, Zarahn E, et al. Noninvasivecortical stimulation enhances motor skill acquisition over multiple daysthrough an effect on consolidation. Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences. 2009;106(5):1590-5.

31.   RushmoreR, DeSimone C, Valero‐Cabré A. Multiple sessions of transcranial direct currentstimulation to the intact hemisphere improves visual function after unilateralablation of visual cortex. European Journal ofNeuroscience. 2013;38(12):3799-807.

32.   SalimpourY, Shadmehr R. Motor costs and the coordination of the two arms. The Journal of Neuroscience. 2014;34(5):1806-18.

33.   ShahbabaieA, Golesorkhi M, Zamanian B, Ebrahimpoor M, Keshvari F, Nejati V, et al. Statedependent effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) onmethamphetamine craving. International Journal ofNeuropsychopharmacology. 2014;17(10):1591-8.

34.   SoekadarSR, Witkowski M, Birbaumer N, Cohen LG. Enhancing Hebbian learning to controlbrain oscillatory activity. Cerebral Cortex.2015;25(9):2409-15.

35.   Vines BW,Cerruti C, Schlaug G. Dual-hemisphere tDCS facilitates greater improvements forhealthy subjects' non-dominant hand compared to uni-hemisphere stimulation. BMC neuroscience. 2008;9(1):103.

36.   Yoon EJ,Kim YK, Kim H-R, Kim SE, Lee Y, Shin HI. Transcranial Direct CurrentStimulation to Lessen Neuropathic Pain After Spinal Cord Injury A MechanisticPET Study. Neurorehabilitation and neural repair.2013:1545968313507632.

37.   You DS,Kim D-Y, Chun MH, Jung SE, Park SJ. Cathodal transcranial direct currentstimulation of the right Wernicke’s area improves comprehension in subacutestroke patients. Brain and language.2011;119(1):1-5.

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